A key to American genera of Oemini is provided. The problematic separation between Oemina and Methioidina is discussed, and they are synonymised. The male genitalia of some species currently included in these subtribes are described and illustrated. The previous inclusion of Sepaicutea Lane, 1972 in Oemini is questioned. Biraoeme gen. n. is described to include Sepaicutea unicolor Martins, 1981 and S. costata Martins and Galileo, 2005. We comment on the problematic current definition of Neoeme Gounelle, 1909 and Proeme Martins, 1978. Temnopis nigripes Aurivillius, 1893 is illustrated for the first time with photographs, showing the current incorrect interpretation of the identity of the species. Temnopis castanea Martins, 1978 is recorded for the first time from the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. The differences between T. nigripes and T. castanea Martins, 1978 are provided. Temnopis ignota is described from Brazil (Amazonas, Pernambuco). The female of Proeme bucki (Melzer, 1931) is illustrated for the first time, and the species is now recorded from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Abaiba Martins and Napp, 2007 is synonymised with Methicula Chemsak and Linsley, 1971, which is transferred to Necydalopsini, and Abaiba dimorphica Martins and Napp, 2007 is synonymised with Methicula dimidiata Chemsak and Linsley, 1971. We comment on the problematic current concept of Necydalopsini.