This work focuses on the petrographic characterization of rocks used in the production of millstones for ancient wheat mills in the Municipality of Matanza, Colombia. It begins by providing historical context about wheat and its introduction to the Americas, especially in Colombia. The importance of mills in wheat flour production and their role in rural and urban society is discussed. We highlight the historical and technological significance of the ancient hydraulic mills in Matanza. It describes how these mills harnessed the power of water to grind grains and produce wheat flour. It also explores the general characteristics of the millstones used in these devices, including their shape, dimensions, and function in the milling process. Next, the document delves into petrography, providing a detailed description of the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the rocks used to make these millstones. Two main types of rocks are identified: intrusive igneous rocks and milonitized calc-schists. Finally, this article addresses the importance of preserving the cultural heritage related to wheat production and artisanal milling in Matanza. It emphasizes the need to conserve this cultural legacy, revitalize wheat production in the region, and promote tourism and environmental education related to the geological and cultural heritage of the area.