Introduction:The incidence of patients with neurosurgical diagnoses has increased in recent years, so health service provider institutions must be prepared for their management, including the group of anesthesiologists, who through their management can obtain favorable results if reduction of cerebral metabolism, hemodynamic stability, and preservation of cerebral autoregulation are guaranteed.Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of neurosurgical patients undergoing general anesthesia and the factors associated with adverse events in the perioperative setting.Methodology: It is a prospective cohort study carried out in 102 patients from Hospital Universitario de Santander who underwent emergency procedures and scheduled under general anesthesia.Results: 68.6% were male, with an average age of 51 years.The most frequent diagnoses were fracture or traumatic bleeding.The most performed surgery was hematoma drainage.In 100% of the patients the procedure was performed with balanced general anesthesia.The average duration of the anesthetic act was 160 min.The mean hospital stay was 26 days.We had an incidence of adverse events of 47% and overall mortality was 10.8%.Conclusions: Patients undergoing neurosurgery are a young adult population, male and with pathology of traumatic origin in 37.3%.The most frequent adverse event was convulsive syndrome.Mortality was significantly associated with postoperative complications derived from the traumatic pathology and pneumonia.