This review explores the potential of nuclear energy adoption in Latin America, with a focus on Colombia and Peru. It assesses the feasibility and benefits of nuclear power integration, considering their energy landscapes, environmental challenges, and economic needs. Advancements in nuclear technology, safety, and regulations are discussed, along with sociopolitical dynamics and public perception. International collaboration and knowledge sharing are emphasized, drawing insights from successful case studies. Robust policy frameworks, capacity building, and human resource development are highlighted as vital for nuclear plant implementation. This comprehensive guide is invaluable for policymakers, and researchers interested in reshaping Latin America's energy landscape.