Eccentric exercise, known for its low metabolic cost, is presented as an attractive option for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, despite its promising potential, the optimal benefits and protocols for these patients have not yet been conclusively defined. This study was aimed to identify the existing scientific literature on eccentric exercise in COPD patients by means of a scoping review, following the most current guidelines and the PRISMA guide. For this purpose, a search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and EBSCO, until September 5, 2023. After eliminating duplicates, examining titles and abstracts, and finally reviewing the full texts, 17 manuscripts were identified as suitable for detailed analysis. In the research analysis, randomized clinical trials and crossover clinical trials were the most predominant research designs in this topic. The United Kingdom led the number of publications and the most common exercise modalities included eccentric cycling and downhill walking. These exercise programs were shown to have a positive impact on physical fitness, quality of life and functionality of COPD patients. In addition, it was noted that eccentric exercise involved less cardiorespiratory effort compared to concentric exercise modalities. However, it is important to observe that despite the encouraging results, challenges are faced due to the limited number of studies available and variations in exercise protocols. This makes it difficult to formulate clear guidelines and determine appropriate exercise dosing in COPD patients. Therefore, researchers are urged to further study the effects of eccentric exercise in this population by also exploring other forms of exercise, such as eccentric exercise on isokinetic or isoinertial machines.