Abstract Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is the most frequent neurological complication in preterm infants, affecting 20-30% of infants born before 32 weeks of gestational age and/or weighing less than 1,500 grams. IVH can lead to long-term neurological sequelae, including cerebral palsy, seizures, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and cognitive deficits. Therefore, mitigating the risk of IVH in neonates is a clinical priority. In this study, we have evaluated whether the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), known for its impact on neuroprotection and stimulation of brain maturation, can be used in IVH prevention in premature infants (<33 gestational weeks). So far, EPO's efficacy in treating preterm infants with IVH remains controversial. While repeated low doses of EPO showed a reduction in the incidence of adverse outcomes, high EPO doses showed no appreciable difference in the frequency of brain injury. In light of these divergent outcomes, in this pilot study, we tested whether low doses of EPO (400 IU/kg), administered intravenously three times per week until reaching 33 weeks of gestationally corrected age, can prevent IVH. Our results show that EPO reduces the odds of IVH among premature babies by 97%; however, it fails to reverse the condition once the injury has developed. These results have crucial clinical importance in preventing IVH in preterm infants.