End-stage disease, trauma, or malformation require an organ transplant to treat patients. Low organ supply creates a long waiting list. 3D-printed functional artificial organs may be used in future transplant surgeries. 3D-printed artificial cells can emulate in vivo tissue. Also, 3D printing has other applications in medicine as a learning tool and surgical guide. Birth defects case reports indicate how 3D printing helped with patient treatment. Further development of this technology is required.