Potential competing interests: No potential competing interests to declare.This article has two elements that fails to integrate: the exclusion in Nigeria (particularly in the 2023 presidential elections) and the contribution of Kant, Hegel, Meiners, Hume or von Humboldt to the radicalization of exclusionism.Both phenomena may be true, but no relationship between the two is proven.The goal appears to be this one: "This paper aims to identify the origin of [some form of] exclusionism in Africa through the lens of Nigeria.Critical thinking and analysis are applied as a method in arguing that exclusionism was scientifically and philosophically enshrined by the Enlightenment philosophers but had existed among Europeans and among traditional Africans (Africa before the colonization era)"… But it is not clear.The paper fails in its purpose if it is not clear which is the relationship that it intends to demonstrate and if that relationship is not sufficiently demonstrated.Perhaps it is just a matter of clarifying the relationship consistent with the objectives of the text.Defining categorically that there is causation could be very ambitious, but there are other possibilities.