Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and demyelination, leading to substantial disability and socioeconomic burden. With the absence of a definitive cure for MS, there is a critical need to explore neuroprotective strategies that can preserve neuronal function and impede disease progression. This article provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge and emerging therapeutic approaches to preserve neuronal function and promote repair in individuals with MS. The review highlights neuroprotective strategies, including immunomodulatory therapies, neuroreparative agents, and lifestyle modifications, that have shown promise in clinical studies. Additionally, the article discusses the potential of personalized treatment approaches based on individual MS profiles and the use of emerging neuroregenerative therapies to improve patients' quality of life and prevent relapses. By enhancing our understanding of these neuroprotective strategies, it is hoped that more effective management of MS can be achieved, reducing the disease's impact on patient's lives.