Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of smoking, self-esteem and self-efficacy levels in adolescents and to examine the risk factors affecting smoking.Design and Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study. This study was conducted in a total of 2566 adolescents (13-19 years of age). Personal Information Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale for Children were used to collect the study data. In the analysis of the study data, independent groups t, Mann-Whitney U, chi-square test, logistic regression analysis were performed.Results: In this study, the mean age of adolescents was 15.88±1.20 years and the prevalence of smoking was 11.3%. In this study, age, gender, family type, parental employment status, presence of smokers in the immediate environment and self-efficacy levels were determined as risk factors affecting smoking status. It was found that the total score of the self-efficacy scale increased the probability of smoking 3.413 times, the academic self-efficacy sub-dimension increased the probability of smoking 5.064 times and the emotional self-efficacy sub-dimension increased the probability of smoking 2.045 times.Conclusion: Adolescents who have low self-efficacy level in terms of smoking risk, who are older, male, have nuclear family structure, whose mothers do not work, whose fathers work, and who smoke in their close environment are in the risk group.Practical implications: School nurses can identify students at risk of smoking at an early stage and social skills training sessions and intervention programmes can be planned to increase their self-efficacy.