By means of the sol-gel methodology, solid Fe catalysts supported on SiO2 with Lewis and Brönsted acidity were synthesized. The materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, BET isotherms and SEM. Subsequently, they were used in the dehydration of xylose to obtain furfural. It was observed that increasing the metal loading from 0.5% to 1.5% by mass increases the selectivity to furfural up to 40.09%, in addition to this, it was observed that the calcination temperature has an effect with respect to the conversion since the materials calcined at 450 °C present higher xylose conversion with respect to the materials calcined at 750 °C. Finally, it was observed that the catalysts are active and effective in obtaining furfural from hydrolysates obtained from hydrothermal treatments of the residual biomass of the coffee crop, obtaining an average of 9.11 mg/g of furfural per gram of biomass.