HomePlant DiseaseVol. 107, No. 10First Report of Peach Scab Caused by Cladosporium tenuissimum in Mexico PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Peach Scab Caused by Cladosporium tenuissimum in MexicoI. Nativitas-Lima, S. G. Leyva-Mir, J. M. Tovar-Pedraza, K. Y. Leyva-Madrigal, R. Nativitas-Lima, A. J. Cabrera-Hidalgo, and M. Camacho-TapiaI. Nativitas-LimaDepartamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, México, S. G. Leyva-Mirhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1831-2806Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, México, J. M. Tovar-Pedrazahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-959XCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Regional Culiacán, Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, México, K. Y. Leyva-MadrigalDepartamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Los Mochis, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, México, R. Nativitas-LimaFacultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91090, Veracruz, México, A. J. Cabrera-Hidalgohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9644-0075TecNM-Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tlatlauquitepec, Almoloni 73907, Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla, México, and M. Camacho-Tapia†Corresponding author: M. Camacho-Tapia; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7812-0948Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, MéxicoAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations I. Nativitas-Lima1 S. G. Leyva-Mir1 J. M. Tovar-Pedraza2 K. Y. Leyva-Madrigal3 R. Nativitas-Lima4 A. J. Cabrera-Hidalgo5 M. Camacho-Tapia6 † 1Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, México 2Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Regional Culiacán, Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, México 3Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Los Mochis, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, México 4Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91090, Veracruz, México 5TecNM-Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tlatlauquitepec, Almoloni 73907, Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla, México 6Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, México Published Online:11 Oct 2023https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-22-2566-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articlePeach (Prunus persica) is one of the most popular stone fruits in the world. From 2019 to 2022, typical scab symptoms were observed on 70% of peach fruits in a commercial orchard in Tepeyahualco (19°30′38″N, 97°30′57″W), Puebla, Mexico. Fruit symptoms were black circular lesions of 0.3 mm in diameter. The fungus was isolated from symptomatic fruit pieces that were surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 30 s, rinsed in autoclaved distilled water three times, placed on PDA medium, and incubated at 28°C in the dark for 9 days. Cladosporium-like colonies were isolated. Pure cultures were obtained by single-spore culture. Colonies on PDA showed abundant, smoke gray, fluffy aerial mycelium, with glabrous to feathery margins. Conidiophores were solitary, long, macro- and micronematous, straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical to oblong, olivaceous to brown, and often subnodulose and intercalary conidia narrowly erected. Conidia (n = 50) were concatenated in branched chains, obovoid to limoniform, sometimes globose, aseptate, olivaceous to brown, apically rounded, and 3.1 to 5.1 × 2.5 to 3.4 μm. Secondary ramoconidia (n = 50) were fusiform to cylindrical, smooth walled, 0 to 1 septate, and pale brown or pale olivaceous brown, measuring 9.1 to 20.8 × 2.9 to 4.8 μm. Morphology was consistent to that described for Cladosporium tenuissimum (Bensch et al. 2012). A representative isolate was deposited in the Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi of the Department of Agricultural Parasitology at the Chapingo Autonomous University under the accession number UACH-Tepe2. To further confirm the morphological identification, total DNA was extracted using the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) and actin (act) genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced using the primer pairs ITS5/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/986R, and ACT-512F/783R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), respectively. The sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers OL851529 (ITS), OM363733 (EF1-α), and OM363734 (act). BLASTn searches in GenBank showed 100% identity with available sequences of C. tenuissimum (ITS: MH810309; EF1-α: OL504967; act: MK314650). A phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method placed the isolate UACH-Tepe2 in the same clade as C. tenuissimum. To verify the pathogenicity of the fungus, 20 healthy peach fruits were inoculated with four drops of 15 μl of a conidial suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml). Ten control fruits were treated with sterilized water. All the fruits were kept in a moist chamber at 25°C for 10 days. Circular and necrotic lesions were produced 8 days after inoculation, whereas the control fruits remained healthy. Pathogenicity test was conducted three times with similar results. Fungal colonies were reisolated from the artificially inoculated fruits, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. C. tenuissimum has been previously reported to cause diseases on strawberry, cashew, papaya, and passion fruit in Brazil (Santos et al. 2020), as well as on pitaya, hydrangea, and carnation in China (Li et al. 2021; Xie et al. 2022; Xu et al. 2020). C. carpophilum is reported as the causal agent of peach scab. The environmental conditions for the development of C. carpophilum are 20 to 30°C in warm humid areas (Lawrence and Zehr 1982); however, in this case the infection by C. tenuissimum occurred in a temperate semidry climate, with temperatures of 5 to 15°C and less than 50% relative humidity with an incidence of 80%. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tenuissimum causing peach scab in Mexico and worldwide.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Bensch, K., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 72:1. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0003 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarCarbone, I., and Kohn, L. M. 1999. Mycologia 91:553. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761358 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLawrence, E. G., and Zehr, E. I. 1982. Phytopathology 72:773. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-72-773 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLi, C., et al. 2021. Plant Dis. 105:2240. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-20-2640-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarSantos, A., et al. 2020. Plant Dis. 104:2519. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2499-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarXie, X.-W., et al. 2022. Plant Dis. 106:1300. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-21-1437-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarXu, G., et al. 2020. Plant Dis. 104:290. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1218-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: This work was partially supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT; postdoctoral fellowship number 2708300; CVU: 508529).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 107, No. 10 October 2023SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 1 Nov 2023Published: 11 Oct 2023First Look: 27 Jun 2023Accepted: 23 Jun 2023 Page: 3317 Information© 2023 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaGrant/Award Number: 2708300; CVU: 508529Keywordsfungipathogen detectionpeachscabThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download