Factor analysis is a method used to reduce several variables into fewer dimensions called factors. This study conducts factor analysis on the financial ratios of the construction companies in Colombia in the period 2000--2014. According to that, the purpose of the study is to use the factorial analysis technique to determine whether the financial ratios are related to a smaller number of unobservable factors and eliminate redundancy among them. The results show that it is possible to explain 88.753% of the variance with 13 financial ratios grouped into three factors.