Nephrocalcinosis refers to calcium deposition in the form of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate in the renal parenchyma and tubules. After diagnosis, the cause of nephrocalcinosis must be established to carry out a comprehensive approach to this entity. Although this is a common finding, it can be underdiagnosed due to the lack of knowledge of the different presentation patterns that exist. Many causes have been described related to this disease.A pictorial review about the most common features of cortical and medullary nephrocalcinosis both in ultrasound and CT is presented in the present work as well as a review of its main causes and graphics to easily recognize each pattern.