Nearly 90% of farming households in Senegal practice rainfed agriculture. However, due to the disruptive effects of climate change on rainfall patterns, depleted water resources have negative impacts on agricultural production and livelihoods, with adverse consequences for food and nutrition security. Recent studies report a relative increase in the intensity of precipitation events in West Africa and recommend further assessment of the availability and potential use of flood residual water to support agriculture. This study aimed to identify areas with potential for Flood Residual Water Cultivation (FRWC) in Senegal's Sédhiou and Tambacounda regions using satellite imagery, Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping, and crop analysis.Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was used to calculate and visualize areas that hold flood residual water in the studied regions. Observations were carried out for September—during the rainy season—and November—the first dry month after the rainy season. NDWI differences observed between the two months were used to identify areas with flood potential based on historical data from the previous 9 years (2013–2021) and to pinpoint areas that could be used for FRWC. In addition, reference evapotranspiration (ET) was calculated to assess the crop-growing potential for these areas, determining the daily amount of water needed to grow select crops.Results show that areas suitable for FRWC are found along river valleys in both the Sédhiou and Tambacounda regions. In Tambacounda Region, these areas are located along the Gambia River, the Senegal River in the Bakel Department, and low-lying plains around the towns of Kidira and Gourel Bouri. Areas close to the Sahara Desert in the northern region of the study, with high temperatures and high ET rates, require more water for crop production than southern areas bordering Guinea with cooler agroecology. The number of days the available flood residual water in the soil could support crop growth was determined as 11 for okra and 6 for bissap (red hibiscus). Other crops like sorghum and carrots required higher flood residual water availability than the pinpointed locations' soil could provide to reach physiological maturity. A total area of 20.7km2 was found to have the potential for FRWC. Based on modeling results, the most suitable crops for such cultivation include short-duration crops such as okra and French beans and drought-tolerant crops like sorghum.FRWC, combined with climate-smart management practices, has the potential to help the studied regions adapt to climate risks and provide opportunities for economic empowerment in Senegal.