ABSTRACTPast research has shown that economic inequality shapes individuals’ self-construals. However, it has been unclear which dimensions of self-construal are associated with and affected by economic inequality. A correlational (Study 1: N = 264) and an experimental study (Study 2: N = 532) provided converging evidence linking perceived economic inequality with two forms of independent (vs. interdependent) self-construal: Difference from Others and Self-Reliance. In Study 3 (N = 12,634) societal differences in objective economic inequality across 48 nations predicted feelings of Difference from Others, but not Self-Reliance. Importantly, we found no significant associations of economic inequality with the other six dimensions of self-construal. Our findings help extend previous results linking economic inequality to forms of “social distance.”KEYWORDS: Economic inequalitymultidimensional self-construalindependenceinterdependence Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Ethical statementThe ethical committee approved the reported studies of the University of Kent (Study 1, Ethics Clearance ID: 201715059194974550) and the University of Granada (Study 2: Ethics Clearance ID 170/CEIH/2016). Study 3 was approved by the research ethics committee of the Institute of Psychology of the Polish Academy of Science (approval #7/11/2017); additionally, in each country where local regulations require separate ERB approval, local teams obtained such approvals.Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2023.2200032.Additional informationFundingThe present research was supported by a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport (FPU-13/01231), grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2016–78839-P and PID2019.105643GB.I00), by the Polish National Science Centre under Grant 2020/37/B/HS6/03142; the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under Grants P17806 and 17F17806; the Hungarian OTKA under Grant OTKA-K 135963; the Brazilian National Council for Research—CNPq under Grant PQ301298/2018-1; the Czech Science Foundation under grant 20-08583S; the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia under grant number YS 17–43; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 71873133; and the Department of Educational Studies, University of Roma Tre under biannual Grant DSF 2017-2018.