The fisheries, aquaculture, forestry, and livestock sectors are critical for sustaining rural livelihoods and achieving food and nutrition security around the world. Yet, these sectors embed important gender and social inequalities. This review examines gender gaps in these sectors and what has worked to reduce inequalities. We show that the invisibility, undervaluation, and weight of rural women’s labor; women’s limited and precarious control over resources; norms that hinder women’s voice and influence in decision-making and governance; and exclusionary institutions such as resource-user groups and extension and data systems limit the benefits women receive in these sectors. We argue that multipronged strategies that simultaneously engage with these multiple barriers are needed to lift structural barriers to equality.