Objective: To identify factors associated with mortality in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: An epidemiological design of an analytical observational case-control study nested in a cohort of patients with prostate cancer was performed. Cases were defined as deceased patients and controls were patients who were still alive at the end of the study. Results: The mortality observed in patients with prostate cancer was 41.8%. The associated factors of dying from prostate cancer were patients aged ≥60 years, living in a rural area, without a partner, overweight, and in advanced stages of the disease including metastasis. The estimated survival in this population was 71% (95%CI: 67.5%-74.6%) during the study period. Conclusions: The decrease in survival according to years of follow-up coincides with the evidence found in studies in Colombia.