Abstract This chapter looks into the child protection system in Colombia. The protection of childhood is divided among the purposes of philanthropy, morality, social control devices, and equitable societies. Additionally, child protection systems justify their existence in an alleged inability of poor families to care for their children. Cases of abuse and violence against children are understood as situations of threat or violation of their rights due to omissions or non-compliance with the obligations of the state and society. Significant improvements have been recorded in the last few years concerning the quality of life of the child population. However, ethnicity, area of residence, and home characteristics remain as factors of the social service’s accessibility.