The energy development model implemented in Colombia has increased environmental conflicts between rural communities, the State, and electric companies. Between the years 2019-2022, the research team of the Ecosystemic model for rural improvement and peace building project at Caldas University has conducted a process of socio-ecological research and social accompaniment in the eastern region of Caldas. During this process, an environmental conflict associated with the authorization of a license to construct the Miel II hydroelectric power project was identified, which has created concerns among the population. The inaccurate definition of the influence area of this extractive project is one of the causes of the social rejection of this type of infrastructure. Influence areas are calculated by companies to design environmental impact studies in the framework of experimental designs of engineering megaprojects in unknown and misunderstood geographic contexts, based on which they determine project implementation costs and compensation, mitigation, or prevention measures for the impacts that may be generated. This article presents a transdisciplinary analysis of the environmental conflict caused by the environmental licensing of the La Miel II hydroelectric power in the Caldas eastern region of Colombia. It corresponds to a socioecological research project integrating hydrogeological and cartographic methods and legal and social analyses. The study shows that the definition of the influence area of the La Miel II is fragmented and does not consider the complex water system of the region. Therefore, the proposals for mitigation of the impacts are precarious and do not address the territorial reality, which has generated an environmental conflict in an area that was directly impacted by the internal armed conflict and is in the transition towards peace in the post-conflict period.