The following document presents the results of a methodological exploration on visual sociology that support the representational understanding of the identity of girls and boys from the observation of their visual narrative creations.In which, the findings found in the review of the scientific literature published in academic journals from 2009 to 2022 regarding the contributions of visual sociology from a representational understanding of identity in childhood in school contexts are described.Consequently, the methodological contributions of visual sociology are exposed in three fundamental aspects: 1) identity in childhood; 2) visual sociology and visual storytelling in childhood; and 3) The significant condition of representation in visual narration and the world of images.Being visual sociology a relevant and significant qualitative inquiry tool for the understanding of social phenomena typical of childhood through the approach of visual narratives projected by girls and boys in school contexts.