Background: A healthy optic nerve is a crucial conduit for impulses generated within the layers of the retina to leave the eye.To date, the mechanism of action of optic neuritis is not entirely clear, as are the therapeutic approaches, especially in the pediatric population.To date it is estimated that the annual incidence of optic neuritis is estimated between 0.56 and 5.1 cases per 100,000 people.Methodology: A systematic review was carried out through various databases from January 2015 to September 2022; The search and selection of articles were carried out in indexed journals in English. Results:The first clinical manifestation that we can find in a patient with optic neuritis is a pain when moving the eyes, with subsequent worsening of vision.Only 0.4% of patients develop symptoms in both eyes simultaneously.Intravenous methylprednisolone at 1000 mg/day has been found to lead to more rapid recovery of vision.IV immunoglobulin and plasma exchange are used in patients refractory to initial treatment.Erythropoietin has demonstrated neuroprotective properties. Conclusion:This review offers updated and detailed information that helps the health professional in clinical practice, to identify the main clinical symptoms and thus prevent and treat said pathology promptly.