Outline: Medicine is transitioning from the traditional reactive care based on symptoms, diagnosis and treatment to a system that targets the disease before it occurs and when disease is present, then treats it in a personalized manner. Chronic diseases such as arterial hypertension are suitable for precision medicine since patients with the same blood pressure (BP) values differ from one another, for instance, in terms of arterial hemodynamics and therefore, respond differently to the same treatment. From an epidemiological perspective, BP lowering is broadly effective, requiring little or even no information about individuals. The success of public health interventions that do not involve personalized medicine raises the question to what extent will personalizing the treatment of hypertension impact the health of patients. In general, there is a trade-off between simplicity of one-drug for most hypertensive patients and the addition of more information about individuals for personalized clinical decision-making. More precise treatment strategies create the most value for patients in whom simple strategies with low information is ineffective. A usual clinical scenario is resistant hypertension. Our research has shown that when hypertension subtypes are considered, BP reduction with current antihypertensive medications considerably differs. Both systolic and diastolic hypertensives exhibit the best antihypertensive response to vasodilators while insolated forms of systolic or diastolic hypertension respond much less to this kind of first line treatment of hypertension. A new taxonomy based on patient's clinical information, BP subtypes, genetic and epigenetic factors will identify hypertensive phenotypes beyond classical BP based approach, which will lead to a more precise and effective hypertension treatment.