It has been proposed that ocular movements could be related to the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The purpose of this research was to compare the impact of intraocular pressure (IOP) versus horizontal ocular duction on optic nerve head (ONH) strains. Thus, from a series of medical tests and anatomical data, a tridimensional finite element model of the eye was developed. The ONH was divided into 22 subregions, and the model was subjected to 21 different eye pressures, as well as 24 different grades of ocular adduction and abduction from 0.5 to 12°. Mean deformations in maximum and minimum principal directions, as well as along the anatomical axes, were documented. The results show no statistically significant differences between the strains due to ocular rotation and variation of the IOP. Nevertheless, some laminar regions experienced a reduction in maximum and minimum principal strains following a 12° eye duction; by contrast, after the IOP reached 12 mmHg, an increase in strains was obtained in all the lamina cribosa subzones. From an anatomical perspective, the biomechanical effect on ONH following 12° ocular duction was opposite to that observed after an increase in IOP. Finally, high strain dispersion inside the ONH subregions was obtained with ocular duction, which was not observed with increased IOP and variation. Thus, it can be concluded that even when horizontal eye movements generate important ONH deformations, its biomechanical effect would be markedly different from that induced by IOP. It could be predicted that the potential to generate axonal damage would be much higher during increasing IOP than during eye movements.Funding Information: None.Conflict of Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.