Nanotechnology encompasses a broad market of multiple raw materials at scale of one billionth of meter. This market is in ongoing growing and serves many fields of science and industry, where the construction sector is no exception. Particularly, nanosilica is a material that has been recently used in the construction sector on a mass scale, but so far there is no full knowledge regarding its advantages and limitations on cement-based composites notwithstanding its current research and application. This study reports on the current advances and trends of the nanosilica synthesis and application in cement based-composites, as well as its influence on the fresh empirical, rheological, mechanical, and durability properties of these composites. The findings reported here could be useful to support better understanding regarding the effect of silica nanoparticles on the fresh, mechanical and durability performances of cement-based pastes mortars and concretes. Based on these identified outputs, benefits and limitations of the silica nanoparticles are addressed, and recommendations about its implementation are provided to carry out further performance and case studies.