This document gives an account of a qualitative research of documentary analysis that, through three chapters, addresses theoretical, technical, historical, and legal references on the historical development of industrialization in Colombia and its relationship with the country’s environmental challenges. It is intended to be an access guide to understand the challenges faced by Colombian companies in terms of economic growth, development and contribution to the environment and the scope of the Sustainable Development Goals of the World Agenda. Basically, it is based on a work of collecting, analyzing and systematizing key information to recognize the path of the country in terms of industrialization and the responsibility of companies in protecting the environment in the new context of Revolution 4.0, which implies the innovation of behavioral processes, both industry and of people, individually and collectively.