This article presents the results of an investigation of the predictive role of Body Mass Index (BMI), age, internalization of the socially established patterns of appearance, personality traits, mental health, and economic income on adults’ body dissatisfaction. In this study, 156 men (28.5 %) and 391 (71.5 %) women participated (M age = 28.9). All participants responded to a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mental Health Inventory (MHI5), the Reduced Personality Markers, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3, for its initials in Portuguese), and the Situational Body Satisfaction Scale (ESSC, for its initials in Portuguese). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. For women, significant predictors of the variable dissatisfaction and fat were BMI (β = 0.52), internalization (β = 0.45), neuroticism (β = 0.12), and mental health (β = - 0.13), whereas among men, these were BMI (β = 0.59) and internalization (β = 0.38). […] Results identify differences between men and women and multiple variables that influence body dissatisfaction.