PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on several health-related biochemical parameters in resistance-trained women under hyperenergetic condition. METHODS: Ten resistance-trained women (n = 10) participated in this study (age = 26.8 ± 3.9 years; BMI = 22.9 ± 3.5 kg·m-2) and performed an 8-week resistance training program after 3 weeks of familiarization. Energy intake was set at ⁓40-45 kcal · kg-1 fat free mass (FFM) and they were instructed to consume 30-40 g · d-1 of carbohydrates with a protein intake of 2 g · kg -1 · d- 1 protein and the rest of fats. Glucose (GL), creatinine (CR), triacylglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Blood samples were collected in the morning (8:00- 9:30 a.m) after 12 hours of overnight fasting. TC and TG were measured by enzymatic methods using a chemistry analyzer (Dimension®, Dade Behring, Germany). The results of the change (∆ = post-test - pre-test) are presented as mean and 95% confidence interval. The difference is established with the bilateral permutation t test and the bayes factor (BF10) is established. The effect size (ES) is calculated with the Hedge's g. RESULTS: There were no changes in GL (∆ = -0.8, -11.4-9.8 mg/dL, P = 0.829, BF10 = 0.313, ES = -0.070), CR (∆ = 0.0, 0.0-0.1 mg/dL, P = 0.253, BF10 = 0.561, ES = 0.383), HDL-c (∆ = 8.3, -4.5-21.1 mg/dL, P = 0.173, BF10 = 0.709, ES = 0.531), and TG (∆ = 6.2, -6.7-19.1 mg/dL, P = 0.291, BF10 = 0.500, ES = 0.348); however, significant increases were observed in TC (∆ = 47.0, 10.8-83.2 mg/dL, P = 0.002, BF10 = 4.136, ES = 1.02), and LDL-c (∆ = 29.6, 0.0-59.2 mg/dL, P = 0.0096, BF10 = 1.756, ES = 0.663) CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary trial showed an increase in TC and LDL-c after an 8-week KD along with resistance training. Further long-term controlled trials and inter-individual response evaluation are required to establish accurate effects of KD on health-related parameters.