Abstract Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille 1811) is considered the second most important vector of the Trypanosa cruzi etiological agent of Chagas disease in Colombia. It has a life cycle that involves a domiciled, peridomiciled, and wild distribution. The study of feeding behavior and its influence on the survival of sylvatic and peridomestic populations can help identify a possible differential risk in the transmission of Chagas disease to humans, mainly in northwestern and east-central Colombia. We characterize the main parameters of feeding behavior and their influence on the longevity and survival of two rat-fed populations of T. dimidiata from Colombia, one in the north-west (from palms in a tropical dry forest area) and the other in the center-east (peridomiciliated), under controlled environmental conditions. The palm population took considerably longer than the peridomestic population to complete its life cycle under experimental laboratory conditions, being both populations univoltine since they have only one life cycle per year. Statistically significant differences were evidenced using Box-Cox model between the survival rates of T. dimidiata populations when the parameters related to blood intake and behavior were incorporated, in contrast to the survival models in which the origin only was considered as a factor. Our results could be used to generate recommendations to guide prevention strategies in communities near sylvatic and peridomiciliated populations of T. dimidiata.