This book highlights significant advances in the field of cyanobacteria.Chapter 1 focuses on picocyanobacteria in surface water bodies, while Chapter 2 discusses the removal of microcystins from drinking water by electrocoagulation.Chapter 3 looks at cyanobacteria as a source of antioxidants, and Chapter 4 explores the role of cyanobacteria as an effective tool in sustainable agriculture.In Chapter 5 cyanobacteria as a source of biodegradable plastics is considered, and Chapter 6 explains the thermochemical conversion of algal-based biofuel.Chapter 7 describes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from cyanobacteria and Chapter 8 discusses the potential of cyanobacteria natural products for antibiotic drug discovery.I hope the book will be useful to researchers, academics and students across the world.I am grateful to all the authors for their valuable contributions and to IntechOpen, especially