This paper presents research based on the problems of pollution in Colombia during the last ten years and on the review of applied microbial bioremediation. In Colombia, the environmental issue is diverse and highly concerning for future generations. This research shows a significant detriment to water resources, soils, and air. They have been highly damaged by global industrialization, population growth and armed conflict, due to extractive methodologies, mainly from informal entities, which use and/or cause highly toxic compounds for the environment. Throughout history, bioremediation has established itself as a technology, or a set of them, using biological agents to remove or reduce pollutants present in an environment. Bioremediation techniques are currently of growing interest globally because elimination, inhibition, or reduction of pollutants in soils and waters can be performed effectively, usually economically, and it tends to be seen as an eco-friendly technology. Furthermore, according to the information available to implement a bioremediation strategy, the selection process is more efficient. Bioremediation is presented as a friendly, interesting and striking alternative to fight and reduce contamination of soils, bodies of water, or air, and could be equally effective for preventive purposes. Additionally, it is necessary to implement broad and specific actions that allow bioremediation execution to the environmental problems and, consequently, pollution. Not only to be a business opportunity or entrepreneurship that creates jobs, as is currently happening in a large part of Europe.