Pulmonary strongyloidiasisStrongyloidiasis is an infection caused by the parasite Strongyloides stercoralis, which can be asymptomatic and means a high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, severe malnutrition and coinfection with HTLV-1 virus.The parasite has the potential to produce and multiply internal autoinfection in humans, thus an hyperinfection can be developed.A case of pulmonary infection by this parasite is presented in this study, infection which advanced into a respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation and hemodynamic support in an intensive care unit.The standard treatment combined with ivermectin and albendazole was provided, achieving an appropriate response.