Highlights the prevalence and importance of trees in Sub-Saharan African agriculture, where trees on farms provide a significant source of income for many households across the continent. In many contexts, trees provide a measure of food security and play a key role in soil and water management. Their contribution to income proves significant—17 percent of total gross income among tree crop growers, and 6 percent on average across all rural households—leaving tree-growing households better off on average in most of the study countries. While trees more likely appear on larger farms, in warmer areas, and closer to forests, their prevalence also appears to be shaped by national policies and institutional factors. Nevertheless, trees on farms often remain overlooked in African agricultural and forestry policy, and they should receive much more attention in agriculture, food security, and poverty-related policy debates, particularly in the context of climate change.