• Information on MAYV circulation in Central and Southern America are fragmentary. • Co-circulating pathogens inducing similar symptoms probably cause underreporting of MAYV infections. • Improvement of serological tools is necessary to have robust seroprevalence data not affected by cross-reactivity. • Surveillance of febrile illnesses and longitudinal studies are required to describe the natural history of the disease. • Molecular epidemiology studies, as well as entomological and environmental surveillance, are needed.
