Reading's research outputs online (1998: 86) to "indexicality" as defined by Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic theory.Bazin was moreover, and most importantly to my own approach, the first to locate realism at the point of production, by extolling, about neorealism (Rossellini, Visconti, De Sica), the regular use of real locations, non-professional actors (as well as actors stripped of their acting personas) and the combination of long takes and long shots that preserve the space-time integrity of the profilmic event.But Elsaesser's synthetic formula also contains some incendiary material.Should we take for granted that Europe is the centre of world cinema and that theory about it must consequently be Eurocentric, or at least Europe-centred?Does all world cinema depend on its artistic and auteurist pedigree?And is world cinema forever condemned to be the other of Hollywoodor Bollywood, or Nollywood, or any popular cinema?These questions were at