Laparoscopic surgery has many advantages, but although it is a technique with minimal invasion, it is not without complications. The degree of complexity of the surgical procedure significantly influences the rate of complications. In urological surgery, the use of laparoscopy has grown considerably in the last decade. Initially limited to a few relatively simple procedures, its use has been increased through the development of a variety of surgeries that enable sophisticated procedures in the management of tumors, as well as reconstructive surgery of the urinary tract. As the number. size, and complexity of laparoscopic surgeries have increased, inevitably it has led to an increase in associated complications. Complications must be understood, expected, and diagnosed earlier, so they can be treated promptly. Laparoscopic recognition and management of the complication represent a challenge, and in some cases it is not only the skills or instruments available, but also the timing of the diagnosis that informs the decision on the need for open conversion.