This chapter highlights the potential health benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption on several diseases, as well as the nutritional and health importance of some fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of phytochemicals, as well as of other components that may act synergistically with phytochemicals to contribute to the nutritional and health benefits of these food commodities. Naturally occurring compounds such as phytochemicals, which possess anticarcinogenic and other beneficial properties, are referred to as chemopreventive agents, being classified as blocking and suppressive agents. In addition to increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables, the enhancement of the nutritional and health quality of fruits and vegetables is an important goal in the effort to improve global health and nutrition. A number of crop production techniques have been reported to enhance phytochemical content in several fruits and vegetables. Various postharvest practices and techniques can also affect the content of phytochemicals.