Physical exercise has been identified as a major non-pharmacological agent, assuming a protective role in the treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases, especially in hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The levels of physical activity as well as its intensity are of great impact for the full benefits to come of this practice. We know that the level of physical activity is a relevant factor for maintaining good health, however, little attention has been paid to what is established in relation to high-intensity daily exercise adjusted to cardiac damage or adaptation. The objective was to reflect on the prescription of physical activity in the treatment of hypertensive and diabetic patients and how eccentric exercise is related to the cardiomyocyte tissue in the damage process. We observed that the highest level of physical activity was associated with better quality of life, and that active patients have an 80% chance of survival when compared to sedentary ones. Thus, despite the potential benefits from the metabolic point of view, public health efforts should also focus on maintaining and protocols of physical activity levels since our study showed that intense eccentric physical activity had harmful effects at the cardiac level.