The posterior maxillary and mandibular areas have a strategic importance in the treatment planning involving dental implants, especially within partially edentulous patients. This chapter discusses safe and predictable treatment approaches for the posterior maxillary and mandibular areas for the accomplishment of satisfactory long-term results, as well as the main challenges for rehabilitation of these sites in light of their inherent anatomical and masticatory load characteristics. The use of regenerative techniques for the treatment of peri-implant bone defects or the reestablishment of a normal alveolar ridge buccal contour is also optimized, owing to the existence of an appropriate amount of soft tissue for primary wound closure of areas receiving bone graft and membranes. There is a growing use of the alveolar ridge preservation technique in posterior areas, especially in the molar region. The use of short implants as an alternative to alveolar ridge augmentation procedures has also been evaluated.