Puerperal mastitis is a major health problem in the postpartum period, whose incidence varies from 2% to 33%. It is defined as the inflammation of the glandular lobes. The infection would be the most frequent etiology, and the puerperium would be the period of highest prevalence in the first weeks. In general, most women experience some degree of breast engorgement, preparing the mammary gland for milk ejection during breastfeeding, but when the technique is inadequate and leads to nipple fissures, there is a risk of bacterial colonization of the mammary ducts with superinfection and even the formation of abscesses, which will require hospital management, antibiotic therapy and surgical interventions. This is the most important cause of breastfeeding suspension and its impact on the feeding and development of the newborn. There is no uniformity in the diagnostic criteria. It remains fundamentally clinical. The most implicated microorganism is staphylococcus. Its microbiological confirmation is made from the Gram and the culture of the drainage of abscesses, or milk cultures. These are only a few times carried out, unless the patient's record gets complicated with systemic repercussion (sepsis) or there is no response to empirical antibiotic therapy. The fundamental treatment is sinus drainage; therefore, breastfeeding should be maintained.