In this article, both the optimization of a backhaul network and the indirect estimation of demographic behaviors from spectral analysis are proposed. Electromagnetic spectrum in 5 GHz frequency band was scanned, and graphs generation associated with the spectral map were obtained using AirView Spectrum Analyzer software incorporated into Ubiquiti devices; these devices were installed in Ovejas and Chalán municipalities as part of a rural backhaul network located in Sucre, Colombia to bridge the digital divide in rural areas. In addition to telecommunications system working frequency optimization between Almagra and La Ceiba nodes, which was configured at 5790 MHz—spectral analysis is presented as a non-traditional information source of demographic behavior, an indirect measure of population data from rural and difficult access areas. Initially, power intensity levels measured in Almagra and La Ceiba nodes based on the spectral map are presented as a tool to continuously measure the demographic behavior relating telecommunications equipment use to population density.