Modern life without air travel is unimaginable.Moreover, humanity is on the verge of space travel for ordinary people.In addition, aging populations in most developed countries translate into the fact that more and more people with cardiovascular disease fly every day.Although safe and comfortable, air travel may still pose some potential risks to people with cardiovascular disease, and some restrictions and precautions may be deemed necessary before, during, and after the flight.Needless to say, space travel involves tremendous physiological stress, and a thorough cardiovascular evaluation should be undertaken before allowing a person to be launched into the orbit or beyond.This special issue of the Anatolian Journal of Cardiology is dedicated to a detailed discussion of the potential risks of air travel for individuals with cardiovascular disease and the relevant evaluations and precautions to be undertaken to reduce these risks.