The article presents the different factors that influence low school performance, such as the psychological and / or social situations in which the child is involved (children and adolescents). Focusing main attention on the family factor, and the determination that this has on the student’s school performance. The research was developed through the creation of a so- cio-family assessment, which is essential in the intervention of Social Work. The design, implementation and analysis of this assessment was divided into a series of instruments, which allowed for a proper characterization and interpretation of the student’s relationship with the family, institutional environment and how it unfolds individually.