This paper examines how patriarchal values affect working women in Japanese society, specifically women in business and politics. This paper draws from the works of previous authors who focus on the role of working women in modern Japan in order to establish the “end point” of this investigation. The present paper also includes the historical context from which traditional patriarchal norms originated. Additionally, the development and influence of these values is examined in the following stages of women’s lives: marriage, motherhood, and workforce participation. To conclude, this paper provides an insight on how marriage and motherhood often act as deterrents and obstacles for women’s participation in business and politics.