The environmental context at the end of the Pleistocene has been the focus of anthropological research on the population movement that resulted in settlement of the American continent.We present an analysis of environmental conditions that could have affected the movement of humans and the subsequent population expansion into Central America and northern South America.Our research integrates Archaeological a palaeoecological literature and the regional physiographic characteristics during the end of the Pleistocene through the beginning of the Holocene (Last Glacial Maximum to the first part of the Holocene Hipstemal).We further evaluate question the models of dispersion and adaption of the ancient communities to the environmental challenges that faced the first settlers of the New World.