Civically concerned about the environmental and human consequences of the tragedies of Mariana and Brumadinho, both succeeded in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, this inquiry intends to foment the necessary discussion about the role of Compliance in protecting the environment and safeguarding the dignity of the human person.In order to do so, some factual aspects about the tragedies in question will be elucidated, the historical and juridical contours of Compliance in Brazil will be brie y discussed, it will be asked -without, however, seeking to answer it -why it [the Compliance] did not prevent the occurrence of those tragedies, and from that inquiry it will be tried to demonstrate why this tool can -or better, should -be important in preserving the environment and in defense of Human Rights.