In these two lectures I want to develop the interesting subject of personal and group values.In this first lecture I will speak generally.my purpose being to bring out the nature and importance of values in individual and group life.In order to stimulate the audience's interest in our subject, let me ask each of you this question, "What do you value!"Take a moment to run through your mind and see how many of your own values you can think of.Perhaps some of you will be confused as to what is meant by "value" or by "personal values."It is fairly common for people to be confused about them, and presently we must say more to clarify them.Most often, when asked the question, people mention one or another of the moral standards-such as valueing honesty, truthfulness, or faithfulness.But it is very common for even thme who understand the question to be unable to say much about their values.Educated men have confessed to me that they would be hard put to mention more than a few of their own values.Yet some persons are met who are crystal-clear as to their several cardinal values.Usually the great saintly or noble-souled men of history have been this way.Gandhiji provides the perfect example, not only of a person who knew what he lived for, but also of the sometimes all-important role of values in a person's life.Ahove all, Gandhiji lived for truth, and truth itself had so many daily applications in his life-was so broad and unifying a principle-that he came to the conclusion that is God, or, God is truth.Others of his values were simplicity, Karma-yoga or service, ahimsa (non-violence), and equality.But whether you are clear or unclear, conscious or unconscious, as to your vaJues, let me give assurance that each of you possesses many value dispositions and, in fact, it would not be far wrong to describe each of us as a walking mass of valueing dispositions. VALUES IN GROUP LIFELet us leave individuals and their values for the moment and tum to whole societies, for here we find our clearest examples of values, and our most certain evidence of the great role of value~ in human behavior.Their role has been so prominent here in group life that some anthropologists have declared "culture" and "value" to be synonymous, meaning that values totally pattern the conduct of any organized group.I will mention four wcieties.As a first example, India's neighboring peoples, the Tibetans, may be cited.Up to a certain point in the history of Central Asia the Tibetan tribesmen were known as fierce fighters and raiders, and at one time or another had extended their authority far to the north -------~.