The consumption of psychoactive substances has become quite common among health professionals. Objective: To identify the factors that favor the abuse of psychoactive substances by health professionals. Methods: This is an integrative review with a qualitative research approach. With the temporality from 2012 to 2020. Results: The process of understanding the reasons that lead professionals to use psychotropic drugs is complex and permeates a series of factors in the individual's life. the need to address this issue with greater intensity, as the consequences of the excessive use of psychotropic drugs affect the private lives of employees, their occupational environment and also put those under their care at risk. Conclusion: The main reasons for health professionals to overuse psychotic substances are related to factors experienced by many of them, such as stress, distressing life, irritability related to the work environment and also long and exhausting work shifts.