Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disease that passes from generation to generation and is characterized by its presence, in homozygosity. The present study is an integrative research, whose general objective is to report updates on sickle cell anemia. The data collection for this study was carried out using the LILACS and SciELO databases, published between the years 2013 to 2020. The results showed that the years in which the most researched on the subject were the years 2017 and 2018. Most of the researched articles demonstrated the use of hydroxyurea as a pharmacological therapy, among the main objectives. The use of the drug, its efficiency in treatment and adverse reactions concludes that hydroxyurea (HU) is a drug that has had an impact on the quality of life of patients with sickle cell disease, preventing clinical complications and increasing patient survival.