More than three decades into the AIDS era, the advancement of therapeutics for the control of HIV infection has happenedand is happening at a rate almost unprecedented in the history of infectious diseases. This has made HIV-AIDS in a different entity with new challenges, completely changing their paradigms. Today's health care programs should include in theiragenda social inclusion, medication adherence and longterm planning. It is with this intention that have been suggestedhere some potential areas of interaction between the primary care physician and the specialist. However, it is important toremember that our medical task not only implies a responsibility on the individual patient (on which this text has focused)but also on society. This is the epidemic in which we live, and everyone should find their place in the fight against HIV.